Introduction and Background
Part 107 and Small UAS Fundamentals
A drone is an aircraft in the FAA’s eyes. It operates in the same National Airspace System as helicopters, airplanes, and other aircraft. That is why drone operations are subject to federal rules.
For most non-recreational small-drone operations in the United States, the governing rules are called 14 CFR Part 107, or simply Part 107. Part 107 covers the registration, remote-pilot certification, and operation of civil small unmanned aircraft systems.
Exam takeaway: Part 107 applies to civil small UAS operations. “Small” means the unmanned aircraft weighs less than 55 pounds at takeoff.
The 55-Pound Takeoff-Weight Limit
Part 107 uses the phrase less than 55 pounds, not “55 pounds or less.” The weight is measured at takeoff. Count everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft at that time.
Include in takeoff weightExamples Aircraft equipmentBattery, propellers, propeller guards, landing gear, and installed accessories. PayloadCamera, sensor, mapping equipment, delivery item, or another carried item. Attached equipmentLights, modules, brackets, or any other item attached to the aircraft.
Important: If the aircraft weighs exactly 55 pounds at takeoff, it does not meet the definition of a small unmanned aircraft under Part 107. Do not assume a Part 107 waiver changes that definition. A heavier operation may require a different FAA approval or regulatory path.
Which Rules Apply to Your Flight?
There are two primary rule sets for drones under 55 pounds: Part 107 for most non-recreational operations and the FAA’s limited recreational exception for flights conducted strictly for recreational purposes.
A flight is not automatically recreational simply because the pilot is unpaid. Taking photos to help sell a property, inspecting a roof, or volunteering drone services for an organization are non-recreational operations.
Why “System” Matters
A small UAS is more than the drone itself. Safe operations depend on the entire system working together.
- The unmanned aircraft must be in a safe condition for the intended flight.
- The control station must function properly.
- The communication link between the control station and the aircraft must be reliable.
- Any attached payload or equipment must be secure and appropriate for the operation.
Study Check
What makes an aircraft “unmanned”?
It is operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
What is the Part 107 maximum takeoff weight for a small unmanned aircraft?
It must weigh less than 55 pounds, including everything on board or attached.
Does “small UAS” mean only the aircraft?
No. It includes the aircraft and the associated control and communication components required for safe operation.
Does flying without pay automatically make an operation recreational?
No. The flight must be conducted strictly for recreational purposes to qualify for the recreational exception.
Next Lesson
The next lesson explains the eligibility requirements for a Remote Pilot Certificate, which is generally required to act as Remote Pilot in Command for Part 107 operations.